49 research outputs found
Toward Eclipse Mapping of Hot Jupiters
Recent Spitzer infrared measurements of hot Jupiter eclipses suggest that
eclipse mapping techniques could be used to spatially resolve the day-side
photospheric emission of these planets using partial occultations. As a first
step in this direction, we simulate ingress/egress lightcurves for the three
brightest known eclipsing hot Jupiters and evaluate the degree to which
parameterized photospheric emission models can be distinguished from each other
with repeated, noisy eclipse measurements. We find that the photometric
accuracy of Spitzer is insufficient to use this tool effectively. On the other
hand, the level of photospheric details that could be probed with a few JWST
eclipse measurements could greatly inform hot Jupiter atmospheric modeling
efforts. A JWST program focused on non-parametric eclipse map inversions for
hot Jupiters should be actively considered.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Ap
IP Pegasi: Investigation of the accretion disk structure. Searching evidences for spiral shocks in the quiescent accretion disk
We present the results of spectral investigations of the cataclysmic variable
IP Peg in quiescence. Optical spectra obtained on the 6-m telescope at the
Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russia), and on the 3.5-m telescope at the
German-Spanish Astronomical Center (Calar Alto, Spain), have been analysed by
means of Doppler tomography and Phase Modelling Technique. From this analysis
we conclude that the quiescent accretion disk of IP Peg has a complex
structure. There are also explicit indications of spiral shocks. The Doppler
maps and the variations of the peak separation of the emission lines confirm
this interpretation. We have detected that all the emission lines show a rather
considerable asymmetry of their wings varying with time. The wing asymmetry
shows quasi-periodic modulations with a period much shorter than the orbital
one. This indicates the presence of an emission source in the binary rotating
asynchronously with the binary system. We also have found that the brightness
of the bright spot changes considerably during one orbital period. The spot
becomes brightest at an inferior conjunction, whereas it is almost invisible
when it is located on the distant half of the accretion disk. Probably, this
phenomenon is due to an anisotropic radiation of the bright spot and an eclipse
of the bright spot by the outer edge of the accretion disk.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures (= 21 EPS files), accepted for publication in
A&
Spectral mapping of the spiral structures in IP Pegasi on the decline from an outburst
(abridged) We report eclipse mapping of time resolved spectroscopy of the
dwarf nova IP Pegasi on the late decline from the May 1993 outburst. The spiral
arms are still visible some 8 days after the onset of the outburst. Their
fractional contribution to the continuum emission is similar to that measured
close to outburst maximum, whereas their orientation is rotated by 58 degrees
with respect to the spirals seen in the eclipse map at outburst maximum.
Velocity-resolved light curves across the Halpha and the HeI lines show the
classical rotational disturbance, with the blue side of the line being eclipsed
earlier than the red side. The differences between the Halpha and the HeI maps
are significant. The spiral arms are clearly seen in the HeI maps, with the
receding arm being stronger in the red side while the approaching arm is
stronger in the blue side of the line. The analysis of the Halpha maps suggests
that this emission arises mainly from a large and vertically-extended region
which we interpret as an outflowing (and spiraling) disc wind. The spectrum of
the uneclipsed light is dominated by a strong, blueshifted and narrow Halpha
emission line superimposed on a red continuum and can be understood as a
combination of emission from an M5V secondary star plus optically thin emission
from the outer parts of the vertically-extended disc wind. The inner disc
regions show an emission line spectrum with a strong and broad Halpha component
superimposed on a flat continuum. This is in marked contrast with the results
from the spectral mapping of nova-like variables of comparable inclination and
mass ratio and suggests that intrinsically different physical conditions hold
in the inner disc regions of outbursting dwarf novae and nova-like systems.Comment: To appear in Mon. Not. R. Ast. Soc., 12 pages, 10 figures, coded with
MNRAS latex styl
Roche tomography of cataclysmic variables - II. Images of the secondary stars in AM Her, QQ Vul, IP Peg and HU Aqr
We present a set of Roche tomography reconstructions of the secondary stars in the cataclysmic variables AM Her, QQ Vul, IP Peg and HU Aqr. The image reconstructions show distinct asymmetries in the irradiation pattern for all four systems that can be attributed to shielding of the secondary star by the accretion stream/column in AM Her, QQ Vul and HU Aqr, and increased irradiation by the bright-spot in IP Peg. We use the entropy landscape technique to derive accurate system parameters (M1, M2, i and γ) for the four binaries. In principle, this technique should provide the most reliable mass determinations available, since the intensity distribution across the secondary star is known. We also find that the intensity distribution can systematically affect the value of γ derived from circular orbit fits to radial velocity variations
PenQuest Volume 1, Number 2
Table of Contents for this Volume:
Untitled by Julie Ambrose
Night by Judith Gallo
Untitled by Judy Gozdur
the shamans by Charles Riddles
Untitled by Jerry Connell
Untitled by Laura Woods
Untitled by LEMA
Wicked Bird by Laura Jo Last
Untitled by Rick Dentos
Untitled by Jeni Moody
Untitled by Bettie W. Kwibs
Untitled by Joann Stagg
The Protector Stood by Laura Jo Last
Visions of Salome by Charles Riddles
Untitled by Thomas Tutten
Kennesaw Line by Don Ova-Dunaway
Stone Blood by Mary Ellen C. Wofford
Untitled by Roger Whitt Jr.
Untitled by C. Wingate
Untitled by Doug Dorey
Untitled by Karen Blumberg
Untitled by Beverly Oviatt
Untitled by Virginia Shrader
The Crapulous Credo of Charles C. by Charles Riddles
the brave and the true by David Reed
Untitled by Charles Gutierrez
Canoe Creek by Patricia Kraft
Untitled by Linda Bobinger
The Man in the Iron Lung by Patricia Kraft
Untitled by Roger Whitt, Jr.
Childish Things by Kathleen Gay
Untitled by Joseph Avanzini
The Lover by Mary S. Aken
Untitled by Ann Harrington
And He Taketh Away by David Reed
Untitled by Mary Graham
Untitled by Melody A. Cummons
Untitled by Karen Blumberg
To The Poets by Judith Gallo
Untitled by Ann Harringto
Intravenous alteplase for stroke with unknown time of onset guided by advanced imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
Background: Patients who have had a stroke with unknown time of onset have been previously excluded from thrombolysis. We aimed to establish whether intravenous alteplase is safe and effective in such patients when salvageable tissue has been identified with imaging biomarkers. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data for trials published before Sept 21, 2020. Randomised trials of intravenous alteplase versus standard of care or placebo in adults with stroke with unknown time of onset with perfusion-diffusion MRI, perfusion CT, or MRI with diffusion weighted imaging-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (DWI-FLAIR) mismatch were eligible. The primary outcome was favourable functional outcome (score of 0–1 on the modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) at 90 days indicating no disability using an unconditional mixed-effect logistic-regression model fitted to estimate the treatment effect. Secondary outcomes were mRS shift towards a better functional outcome and independent outcome (mRS 0–2) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included death, severe disability or death (mRS score 4–6), and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020166903. Findings: Of 249 identified abstracts, four trials met our eligibility criteria for inclusion: WAKE-UP, EXTEND, THAWS, and ECASS-4. The four trials provided individual patient data for 843 individuals, of whom 429 (51%) were assigned to alteplase and 414 (49%) to placebo or standard care. A favourable outcome occurred in 199 (47%) of 420 patients with alteplase and in 160 (39%) of 409 patients among controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·49 [95% CI 1·10–2·03]; p=0·011), with low heterogeneity across studies (I2=27%). Alteplase was associated with a significant shift towards better functional outcome (adjusted common OR 1·38 [95% CI 1·05–1·80]; p=0·019), and a higher odds of independent outcome (adjusted OR 1·50 [1·06–2·12]; p=0·022). In the alteplase group, 90 (21%) patients were severely disabled or died (mRS score 4–6), compared with 102 (25%) patients in the control group (adjusted OR 0·76 [0·52–1·11]; p=0·15). 27 (6%) patients died in the alteplase group and 14 (3%) patients died among controls (adjusted OR 2·06 [1·03–4·09]; p=0·040). The prevalence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was higher in the alteplase group than among controls (11 [3%] vs two [<1%], adjusted OR 5·58 [1·22–25·50]; p=0·024). Interpretation: In patients who have had a stroke with unknown time of onset with a DWI-FLAIR or perfusion mismatch, intravenous alteplase resulted in better functional outcome at 90 days than placebo or standard care. A net benefit was observed for all functional outcomes despite an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. Although there were more deaths with alteplase than placebo, there were fewer cases of severe disability or death. Funding: None
Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists after recent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
OBJECTIVE: We compared outcomes after treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a recent cerebral ischemia. METHODS: We conducted an individual patient data analysis of seven prospective cohort studies. We included patients with AF and a recent cerebral ischemia (<3 months before starting oral anticoagulation) and a minimum follow-up of 3 months. We analyzed the association between type of anticoagulation (DOAC versus VKA) with the composite primary endpoint (recurrent ischemic stroke [AIS], intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], or mortality) using mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards regression models; we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: We included 4,912 patients (median age, 78 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 71-84]; 2,331 [47.5%] women; median National Institute of Health Stroke Severity Scale at onset, 5 [IQR, 2-12]); 2,256 (45.9%) patients received VKAs and 2,656 (54.1%) DOACs. Median time from index event to starting oral anticoagulation was 5 days (IQR, 2-14) for VKAs and 5 days (IQR, 2-11) for DOACs (p = 0.53). There were 262 acute ischemic strokes (AISs; 4.4%/year), 71 intracranial hemorrrhages (ICHs; 1.2%/year), and 439 deaths (7.4%/year) during the total follow-up of 5,970 patient-years. Compared to VKAs, DOAC treatment was associated with reduced risks of the composite endpoint (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-1.00; p = 0.05) and ICH (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24-0.71; p < 0.01); we found no differences for the risk of recurrent AIS (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.70-1.19; p = 0.5) and mortality (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68-1.03; p = 0.09). INTERPRETATION: DOAC treatment commenced early after recent cerebral ischemia related to AF was associated with reduced risk of poor clinical outcomes compared to VKA, mainly attributed to lower risks of ICH. ANN NEUROL 2019